For Kuwait's new emir, Saudi ties are seen as key

Sheikh Meshal, 83, spent much of his career helping build the Gulf state's security and defence apparatus before stepping into the public eye when he became crown prince three years ago.

He was thrust further into the spotlight when he was handed most of the frail Emir Sheikh Nawaf's duties in November, 2021.

Sheikh Meshal becomes Kuwait's third emir in just over three years. Until 2020, the post had been held for 14 years by Sheikh Sabah al-Ahmad, a prominent figure in the Arab world known for helping lead Kuwait out of the ruins of Iraq's 1990 invasion.

As he takes the helm of the OPEC oil producer, Sheikh Mehshal is expected to preserve key Kuwaiti foreign policies including support for Gulf Arab unity, Western alliances, and good ties to Riyadh - a relationship seen as a top priority to him.

He may also look to expand ties to China as it seeks a bigger role in the region, especially after Beijing sponsored a deal that normalised ties between Iran and Saudi Arabia in March.

Sheikh Meshal signed several economic agreements during a visit to China in September, when he attended the opening ceremony of the Asian Olympic Games.

"He desires stability, and stresses the importance of Kuwait's relationship with Saudi Arabia in particular," a Kuwaiti source said, adding that Sheikh Meshal was concerned about the regional situation and afraid of wars in the region.

A Western diplomat described Sheikh Meshal as an early riser with a methodical work style. "He pays attention to details, sometimes to the very small details," the diplomat said. While Sheikh Sabah had been closer to diplomatic work, Sheikh Meshal was closer to the military, the diplomat said.

Sheikh Meshal was deputy chief of the National Guard from 2004-2020 and head of State Security for 13 years after joining the interior ministry in the 1960s. He had been offered several senior roles in the past but declined them, experts say.

He attended Britain's Hendon Police College and was credited with helping to reform the National Guard.

Sheikh Meshal is the seventh son of former ruler Ahmed Al-Jaber, and a brother of three former rulers, Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad, Sheikh Sabah Al-Ahmad, and Sheikh Nawaf Al-Ahmad. He is married and has five sons and seven daughters.

Some believe he may move to further align Kuwait with Riyadh. His first calls after taking on Sheikh Nawaf's duties were with King Salman and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, and his first trip outside the Kuwait was to Saudi Arabia, which he has visited more than any other country.

As emir, he will have to grapple with long-running strains between the ruling family and its critics in the perpetually deadlocked and fractious parliament that critics say have hindered fiscal and economic reform.

Kuwait's legislature wields more influence than similar bodies in other Gulf monarchies. The resulting political deadlock has for decades led to cabinet reshuffles and dissolutions of parliament.

The first two years of Sheikh Nawaf's rule were buffeted by political turbulence with eight governments formed and three parliamentary elections held.

In 2022, Sheikh Meshal intervened in a protracted dispute between the government and parliament. He dissolved parliament, decreed new elections and replaced the prime minister but declared no intention to interfere in the vote or the selection of parliament speaker.

His move was widely welcomed by the opposition.

He also pledged to adhere to the constitution and not to amend, revise, or suspend it, in a speech delivered on behalf of the emir in June 2022. Parliamentarians and analysts considered this historic.