Putin says authorities must 'strengthen' Russian identity in Ukraine

The document published on Tuesday, titled "Strategy of Russia's national policy in the period to 2036", appeared as a decree signed by Putin. It calls for measures to ensure that 95 percent of the country's population identify as Russian by 2036.

Long links between Russia and Ukraine, from even before the Soviet era, mean that some Ukrainians have traditionally been sympathetic to Russia and most speak both languages. But since the invasion, any such sympathy has vanished and surveys show that the use of Russian has undergone a marked decline.

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy said on Tuesday that Kyiv was ready to advance a U.S.-backed plan to end Europe's deadliest and most devastating conflict since World War Two. But Ukraine is wary it may be forced to accept a deal largely on Russian terms, including territorial concessions.

Putin launched the invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, saying the aim was to "demilitarise and denazify" it and free Russian-speakers in the east from what the Kremlin called blatant discrimination.

Within six months, the Donetsk, Luhansk, Kherson and Zaporizhzhia regions were incorporated into Russia, though Moscow does not have full military control over them.

The document, to come into force in January, said securing control over eastern regions "created conditions for restoring the unity of the historical territories of the Russian state".

It was vital, the document said, "to adopt additional measures to strengthen overall Russian civic identity", entrench use of Russian and act against "efforts by unfriendly foreign states to destabilise inter-ethnic and inter-confessional relations and create a split in society".

"The results of implementing this strategy will be assessed by monitoring the achievement of the following target indicators by 2036: the level of overall Russian civic identity (civic self-awareness) – no less than 95 percent," the decree said.

Putin has long cast doubt on Ukraine's historical identity as distinct from Russia.

And in addition to objections to NATO's eastward expansion since the 1990s, he has made the defence of Russian-speakers and reunification with areas seen as historically Russian as a key plank of Moscow's "special military operation" in Ukraine.

Ukrainian has been the sole state language in Ukraine since the collapse of Soviet rule in 1991 and the advent of independence, but authorities in Kyiv deny any notion that Russian-speakers have been subject to discrimination.

Russia alleges that neo-Nazi ideology thought has permeated Ukrainian public life since a 2014 public uprising forced the Russia-friendly president of the time to flee the country.