What issues are likely to be discussed at the US-South Korea summit?

Alongside trade, U.S. pressure to redefine the decades-long military alliance is set to be a focus, while Trump has said more South Korean investment plans will be announced in addition to a US$350 billion package agreed last month.

Here are some of the main items that could be discussed.

DEFENCE COSTS

Trump has accused its Asian ally of "free-riding" on U.S. military might, with some 28,500 American troops stationed in South Korea to deter nuclear-armed North Korea.

Just before Trump won the presidential election in November last year, Seoul agreed to increase its contribution by 8.3% to 1.52 trillion won ($1.09 billion) for the first year in 2026, under a five-year plan.

Washington also wants its allies to increase defence spending to 5% of GDP. South Korea is currently well short of that after allocating 61.25 trillion won, or 2.3% of GDP, this year.

'MODERNISING' ALLIANCE, CHINA DETERRENCE

South Korea's presidential security adviser Wi Sung-lac said "modernising" its alliance with the U.S., including by Seoul increasing defence spending, and "cementing" a trade deal reached in July would be among the main agenda items.

U.S. Under Secretary of Defense Elbridge Colby called South Korea a "role model" in taking a greater role in deterring North Korea, but also called for modernising the alliance.

Experts say the summit may include discussions on the idea of adjusting the role of U.S. troops from a focus on countering North Korea to also managing tensions in the Taiwan Strait and deterring China.

This could be sensitive for Seoul given how President Lee has, alongside declaring full support for the U.S. alliance, sought to take a balanced approach to ties with Beijing.

Experts also warn giving U.S. forces multiple missions could impede their primary focus of deterring and defeating a North Korean attack.

South Korean Foreign Minister Cho Hyun has denied Seoul was in talks with Washington over whether to allow U.S. forces to be redeployed in the event of a Taiwan Strait emergency.

NORTH KOREA

South Korea and the United States are on the same page when it comes to the approach of seeking to dismantle North Korea's nuclear weapons programme, top security adviser Wi said.

Lee has sought to reduce tensions with Pyongyang since taking office in June, while Trump still boasts of his historic summits with North Korean leader Kim Jong Un in his first term.

Lee and Trump have expressed a willingness to restart dialogue with Kim and they may deliver a joint message to North Korea, said Sydney Seiler, a senior adviser at the Center for Strategic and International Studies.

But North Korea has so far dismissed Lee's peace overtures, including dismantling loudspeaker propaganda broadcasts across the border.

SHIPBUILDING

During his U.S. trip, Lee will visit the Pennsylvania-based Philly Shipyard, acquired by South Korean shipbuilder Hanwha Ocean and its parent group.

Officials in Seoul touted shipbuilding cooperation to help the U.S. industry as instrumental in reaching a trade deal.

South Korea has agreed to invest US$150 billion out of the overall investment package on U.S. shipbuilding cooperation and more details may be announced during the summit.

NUCLEAR POWER

Foreign Minister Cho told parliament that South Korea could try to win approval from Washington to reprocess or enrich its own nuclear material during the summit, saying this is not for nuclear armament, but for industrial and environmental purposes.

South Korea is not allowed to reprocess spent nuclear fuel - which can be used to make nuclear weapons - without U.S. consent under an agreement between the countries.

While President Lee has rejected the idea of nuclear armament, his intelligence agency chief this year called for Seoul to secure the right to enrich uranium to demonstrate its "potential nuclear capabilities."

Wi said South Korea was in talks about cooperating on nuclear power projects in the United States.

CORPORATE INVESTMENT

South Korea said the leaders will discuss cooperation in sectors such as chips, batteries, shipbuilding, as well as "economic security" in areas such as cutting-edge technologies and key minerals.

Presidential adviser Kim Yong-beom said investments announced during the summit should include already announced projects such as Samsung Electronics' new chip factory in Texas and Hyundai Motor's car factory in Georgia, as well as Hanwha's plan to expand its U.S. shipyard.

A South Korean newspaper reported Seoul would offer $150 billion of additional investment, or about six times its U.S. foreign direct investment in 2024, according to government data. South Korea's industry minister said it had not been decided.

The leaders may also discuss the timeframe to cut U.S. tariffs on South Korean car imports from 25% to 15% as agreed under the trade deal.

The countries have appeared to have a different interpretation of details of the US$350 billion investment fund, while Seoul denied U.S. assertions that it had agreed to open up its rice market.

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