Four COVID-19 vaccine candidates await NPRA approval

The handbook stated that thus far, only the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine has received conditional registration from the Malaysia Drug Control Authority (PBKD) and NPRA on Jan 8 this year.

"As at February 2021, Malaysia has had access to a supply of 66.7 million doses of COVID-19 vaccine through the COVAX Facility and early purchases from five COVID-19 vaccine manufacturers," according to the handbook launched by Prime Minister Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin today.

On aspects of effectiveness or how well the vaccine works, it is seen through its ability to protect individuals from the symptoms of COVID-19 disease through vaccination.

The handbook also mentions that the percentage of effectiveness varies according to the way clinical studies are conducted, the type of vaccine, the risk of disease in volunteers and various other factors, and all vaccines approved by NPRA are safe and effective for use in Malaysia.

Currently, Malaysia does not have fully-equipped facilities for vaccine manufacturing, and therefore the country needs to obtain supplies of COVID-19 vaccines from other countries.

The handbook also explained that during the negotiations for the purchase of the COVID-19 vaccines, the government has included value-added elements to enable Malaysia to develop vaccine development capacity in the country.

As Malaysia and the world are at risk of being exposed to other pandemics in the future, the government, through the National Science Council in a meeting in July 2020, agreed that the National Vaccine Development Roadmap be formulated as a long-term plan for the country to produce locally made vaccines in the future.

Similar to other pharmaceutical products, vaccines are a product that is constantly monitored in terms of quality, safety and effectiveness.

"Thus far, the COVID-19 vaccine for Malaysia has been given conditional approval based on compliance with strict standards through the evaluation of scientific, clinical and technical data," the book said.

Each batch of vaccine that will be used in Malaysia is monitored in terms of compliance according to World Health Organization (WHO) standards, and after the vaccine is administered to the community, monitoring of complaints of adverse events following immunisation (AEFI) will be conducted by the Ministry of Health (MOH).

The COVID-19 vaccination is voluntary and will be provided free of charge to all Malaysians (citizens and non-citizens) with an age limit of 18 years and above It will be reviewed from time to time.

The government's approach is to ensure that at least 80 per cent of the Malaysian adult population receive the vaccine by February 2022 to reduce the transmission of the COVID-19 virus.

There are three vaccination strategies. The first is to give the vaccine to frontline personnel, especially healthcare workers, to ensure that this group is protected from COVID-19 infection, and aims to ensure that the health and safety system is at the optimum level.

"The second strategy is to reduce the burden of disease among high-risk groups so that they will be protected from COVID-19 infection and this can help reduce the burden on the Malaysian public health system," according to the book.

The third strategy is to control the pandemic with vaccination carried out during phases two and three in high-risk cluster areas through risk assessment to control disease transmission, it said.