Jihadist group the Islamic State on Tuesday claimed to have executed American journalist James Foley in revenge for US air strikes against its fighters and threatened to kill a second reporter.

The Sunni Islamist group released a video showing a masked militant purportedly beheading Foley, who has been missing since he was seized by armed men in Syria in November 2012.

A second captive, introduced as US reporter Steven Sotloff, is shown alive, along with a warning that his fate rests on US President Barack Obama ordering a halt to military action against the jihadist group.

The White House said US intelligence was studying the video.

"If genuine, we are appalled by the brutal murder of an innocent American journalist and we express our deepest condolences to his family and friends," National Security Council spokeswoman Caitlin Hayden said.

Foley was an experienced correspondent who had covered the war in Libya before heading to Syria to follow the revolt against Bashar al-Assad's regime for Agence France-Presse (AFP), online news site GlobalPost and other media outlets.

Find James Foley, the campaign run by his family to secure the 40-year-old freelancer's release, posted a public message online following the release of the video asking for time "to seek answers."

Foley's family has campaigned tirelessly for his freedom, stressing that he was an independent journalist trying to tell Syria's story fairly to the world and should be released.

According to witnesses, Foley was seized in the northern Syrian province of Idlib on November 22, 2012. His family has not heard from him since, despite a public campaign for information.

Sotloff, whose kidnapping in August last year has not been widely reported, has written for several US newspapers and magazines, including Time, Foreign Policy and Christian Science Monitor.

British accent

In the nearly five-minute video, titled A Message to America and distributed online by known Islamic State sources, the group declares that Foley was killed after Obama ordered air strikes against IS positions in northern Iraq.

The purported execution is carried out in an open desert area with no immediate signs as to whether it is in Iraq or Syria by a black-clad masked militant who speaks English with a British accent.

Foley is seen kneeling on the ground, wearing an orange outfit that resembles those worn by prisoners at the US naval base at Guantanamo Bay.

"Any aggression towards the Islamic State is an aggression towards Muslims from all walks of life who have accepted the Islamic caliphate as their leadership," the masked militant declares.

Formerly known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, the hardline IS declared itself a caliphate -- a successor state to historic Muslim empires -- in June this year.

Born from a merger between former Sunni insurgents who fought US and Shiite-led government forces in Iraq and anti-regime rebels in Syria, it has attracted recruits from around the world.

In recent weeks it has laid claim to a wide swathe of eastern Syria and northern Iraq, seizing the major city of Mosul and threatening to advance on Kurdish territory and south towards Baghdad.

Earlier this month, Obama reacted by ordering US warplanes to strike IS positions and vehicles that threatened to advance on the Kurdish capital Arbil or kill refugees from religious minority groups.

This week, backed by US strikes, Kurdish and Iraqi forces dislodged IS fighters from a key damn north of Mosul, in the group's first major battlefield reverse since declaring the caliphate.