AROUND one million children worldwide lose their mother to cancer every year, often leaving orphans caught up in a "vicious cycle of disadvantage", researchers said.

The first-ever estimate for the number of children left motherless from cancer was announced at the recent World Cancer Congress in Geneva.

It was prompted by a study in Africa by the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), which is based in Lyon, France.

That research followed more than 2,000 women with breast cancer in Namibia, Uganda, Zambia and Nigeria, over half of whom died in just five years.

The study illustrated that "the intergenerational impact of cancer deaths of mothers hasn't been documented," IARC epidemiologist Valerie McCormack told AFP.

So the IARC researchers calculated that out of the four million who died from cancer in 2020, one million children were left motherless.

Around 45 percent of the mothers died from breast and cervical cancer, which are "very preventable", McCormack said, calling for more investment to fight both diseases.

During the research in sub-Saharan Africa, McCormack said families described selling their land to pay for cancer treatment, leaving no money left for educating the children.

"It's a vicious cycle of disadvantage" for poorer families, she said.

The researchers arrived at their global estimate, which has not been peer reviewed, by combining the number of annual female cancer deaths from IARC's GLOBOCAN database with fertility data from the United Nations.

More women than men die from cancer between the ages of 35 and 50 worldwide, largely due to cancer in female reproductive organs.

As time goes on, the situation reverses as men increasingly get prostate and lifestyle-related types of cancer.

And people in high-income countries are more likely to die from cancer later in life, when their children are grown.

McCormack said the IARC was working on finding a similar global figure for children left fatherless by cancer, but it was a trickier equation without the fertility data.