China accused of forcing 570,000 people to pick cotton in Xinjiang

The vast western province, home to about 11 million ethnic Uighurs, produces 85% of China's cotton and 20% of the global supply, which is used by fashion brands worldwide.

The Washington-based Center for Global Policy said in a report it was very likely a major share of cotton from Xinjiang was "tainted with forced labour".

China's Foreign Ministry spokesman Wang Wenbin dismissed the allegations.

"Helping people of all ethnic groups secure stable employment is entirely different from 'forced labour'," he told a media briefing in Beijing, adding that nearly 3 million people had been lifted out of poverty in the region.

He said all ethnic groups in Xinjiang were free to choose their occupations.

Anti-slavery experts said the report's findings would be aired in the British and European parliaments this week.

"This evidence underlines why businesses must urgently end all sourcing from the region, and why governments must ban imports from the region. There are no arguments for delay," Chloe Cranston from campaign group Anti-Slavery International told the Thomson Reuters Foundation.

The allegations follow long-standing international concern over reports that China has detained 1 million people from Muslim minorities in camps in Xinjiang and is putting them to work, often in textile factories.

China says the camps are vocational training centers needed to fight extremism.

The Center for Global Policy said Chinese government documents and media reports showed at least 570,000 people in three Xinjiang regions were sent to pick cotton under a coercive labour programme targeting ethnic minority groups.

But it said the overall figure was likely to be several hundred thousand higher.

Its report said pickers - including some released from internment camps - were subjected to intrusive government surveillance and political indoctrination sessions.

Author Adrian Zenz said it was clear that the work scheme involved "a very high risk of forced labour".

"Some minorities may exhibit a degree of consent in relation to this process, and they may benefit financially. However ... it is impossible to define where coercion ends and where local consent may begin," he wrote.

Earlier this month the United States banned cotton imports from a powerful Chinese quasi-military organisation - the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (XPCC) - over forced labour concerns involving detained Uighurs.

The XPCC, founded in 1954 to settle China's far west, produces about a third of Xinjiang's cotton.

U.S. Department of Homeland Security Secretary Kenneth Cuccinelli has said a region-wide ban was being studied.

Chinese cotton products are used in garment production in numerous Asian countries supplying global fashion brands.