Nearly 1,000 people had been rescued from the hillside villages and tea and cardamom estates in Wayanad district and 225 were still missing, authorities said on Wednesday. They said at least 166 people died and 195 were injured, while the local Asianet news TV channel put the death toll at 179.
Heavy rain in Kerala, one of India's most attractive tourist destinations, led to the landslides early on Tuesday, sending torrents of mud, water and tumbling boulders downhill and burying or sweeping people away to their deaths as they slept.
It was the worst disaster in the state since deadly floods in 2018. Experts said the area had been receiving heavy rain in the last two weeks which had softened the soil and that extremely heavy rainfall on Monday triggered the landslides.
The Indian Army said it rescued 1,000 people and has begun the process to construct an alternate bridge after the main bridge linking the worst affected area of Mundakkai to the nearest town of Chooralmala was destroyed.
Near the site where the bridge was washed away, a land excavator was slowing removing trees and boulders from a mound of debris. Rescue workers in raincoats were making their way carefully through slush and rocks, under steady rain.
"We are quite sure there are multiple bodies here," said Hamsa T A, a fire and rescue worker, pointing to the debris. "There were many houses here, people living inside have been missing."
The landslides were mostly on the upper slopes of hills which then cascaded to the valley below, M R Ajith Kumar, a top state police officer, told Reuters.
"Focus right now is to search the entire uphill area for stranded people and recover as many bodies (as possible)," he said.
WARMING ARABIAN SEA
Nearly 350 of the 400 registered houses in the affected region have been damaged, Asianet reported, citing district officials.
After a day of extremely heavy rainfall that hampered rescue operations, the weather department expects some respite on Wednesday, although the area is likely to receive rain through the day.
The Indian Navy said its disaster relief team had reached the area on Tuesday night and search and rescue helicopters were deployed early on Wednesday but "adverse weather conditions due to incessant rains" posed challenges.
India has witnessed extreme weather conditions in recent years, from torrential rain and floods to droughts and cyclones, blamed by some experts on climate change.
The region hit by the landslide was forecast to get 204 millimetres (8 inches) of rainfall but ended up getting 572 millimetres (22.5 inches) over a period of 48 hours, Kerala's chief minister said on Tuesday.
"The Arabian Sea is warming at a higher rate compared to other regions and sending more evaporation into the atmosphere, making the region a hotspot for deep convective clouds," said S Abhilash, head of the Advanced Centre for Atmospheric Radar Research at Kerala's Cochin University of Science and Technology.
"Deep developed clouds in the southeast Arabian Sea region were carried by winds towards land and produced this havoc," he told Reuters.
